Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

pugna Cannarum

  • 1 pugna

    pūgna, ae, f. (pugno), der Kampf Mann gegen Mann, sowohl vom Kampfe einzelner als ganzer Heere, das Gefecht, Treffen ( während proelium das Treffen zwischen zwei Heeren, die Schlacht bezeichnet; vgl. Caes. b. G. 3, 4. § 3 diuturnitate pugnae hostes defessi proelio excedebant), I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: a) im allg.: p. singularis, Zweikampf, Macr. u. Sulp. Sever.: p. equestris, Cic.: p. pedestris, Verg.: p. navalis, Cic.: p. gladiatorum, Suet.: p. mala (unglückliches), Cic.: p. Cannensis (eig. u. übtr.), s. Cannae( unter Cannae): pugna Leuctrica, Pharsalica, Cic.: pugna Cannarum, Trasumeni, bei K., am Tr., Liv.: pugna ad lacum Regillum facta, Liv., u. bl. pugna apud Regillum lacum, Liv.: pugna navalis ad Tenedum, Cic., apud Salamina, Nep.: genus hoc est ex essedis pugnae, Caes.: pugnam capessere, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 10, 5, 4): pugnam manu capessere, selbst handgemein werden, Tac.: pugnam edere, Liv.: pugnam ciere, Liv.: pugnam committere, Cic., cum alqo, Cic.: pugna atrox concitatur (entspinnt sich), Liv.: pugnam inter se conserere, Liv.: ad pugnam elicere, Liv.: pugnam incipere, Liv., instaurare, Liv.: pugnam inire, Liv.: pugnam restituere, Liv.: pugna paulisper recrudescit, Liv.: pugnā decertare, Caes.: pugnam navalem facere (liefern), Nep.: pugnare pugnam, s. pūgno: pugnam detrectare, Liv.: ex pugna se eripere, Cic.: in pugnam prodire, Liv.: ad pugnam procedere, Liv.: equites primos ab utroque cornu in pugnam educere, Liv.: interesse pugnae navali apud Salamina, Nep.: integri profligatam pugnam acceperunt, übernahmen in frischer Kraft den schon beinahe verlorenen Kampf, Liv.: in prima pugna Brutus et Aruns invicem se occīderunt, Eutr.: nonnumquam res ad manus atque ad pugnam vocabatur, zur Schlägerei (bei Trinkgelagen), Cic.: pugna iam in manus, iam ad gladios venerat, Liv. – b) insbes., das Kampfspiel, pugna quinquennis Graia Elide, Ov. met. 14, 325. – B) meton.: a) die zum Treffen aufgestellte Schlachtlinie, das Treffen, ordinata per principes hastatosque ac triarios pugna, Liv.: pugnam mediam tueri, das Mitteltreffen, Liv.: pugnam mutare, Curt. – b) der Kampf = Krieg, non Siciliae illis adversa pugna in ore est, sed Graeciae victoria, Iustin. 5, 4, 17. – II) übtr.: a) der Kampf, Streit, doctissimorum hominum, Cic.: litterarum, der Gelehrten, Plin.: pugna adversus dolorem, Gell. 12, 5, 2: pugnas edere, Cic. – b) der ( listige) Streich (vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 583), iam aliquid pugnae dedit (hat gespielt), Plaut.: u. so dabit pugnam denuo, Ter.: priusquam istam pugnam pugnabo, dabo aliam pugnam claram et commemorabilem, Plaut. – c) v. Beischlaf, Mart. 10, 38, 6.

    lateinisch-deutsches > pugna

  • 2 pugna

    pūgna, ae, f. (pugno), der Kampf Mann gegen Mann, sowohl vom Kampfe einzelner als ganzer Heere, das Gefecht, Treffen ( während proelium das Treffen zwischen zwei Heeren, die Schlacht bezeichnet; vgl. Caes. b. G. 3, 4. § 3 diuturnitate pugnae hostes defessi proelio excedebant), I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: a) im allg.: p. singularis, Zweikampf, Macr. u. Sulp. Sever.: p. equestris, Cic.: p. pedestris, Verg.: p. navalis, Cic.: p. gladiatorum, Suet.: p. mala (unglückliches), Cic.: p. Cannensis (eig. u. übtr.), s. Cannensis ( unter Cannae): pugna Leuctrica, Pharsalica, Cic.: pugna Cannarum, Trasumeni, bei K., am Tr., Liv.: pugna ad lacum Regillum facta, Liv., u. bl. pugna apud Regillum lacum, Liv.: pugna navalis ad Tenedum, Cic., apud Salamina, Nep.: genus hoc est ex essedis pugnae, Caes.: pugnam capessere, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 10, 5, 4): pugnam manu capessere, selbst handgemein werden, Tac.: pugnam edere, Liv.: pugnam ciere, Liv.: pugnam committere, Cic., cum alqo, Cic.: pugna atrox concitatur (entspinnt sich), Liv.: pugnam inter se conserere, Liv.: ad pugnam elicere, Liv.: pugnam incipere, Liv., instaurare, Liv.: pugnam inire, Liv.: pugnam restituere, Liv.: pugna paulisper recrudescit, Liv.: pugnā decertare, Caes.: pugnam navalem facere (liefern), Nep.: pugnare pugnam, s. pugno: pugnam detrectare, Liv.: ex pugna se eripere,
    ————
    Cic.: in pugnam prodire, Liv.: ad pugnam procedere, Liv.: equites primos ab utroque cornu in pugnam educere, Liv.: interesse pugnae navali apud Salamina, Nep.: integri profligatam pugnam acceperunt, übernahmen in frischer Kraft den schon beinahe verlorenen Kampf, Liv.: in prima pugna Brutus et Aruns invicem se occīderunt, Eutr.: nonnumquam res ad manus atque ad pugnam vocabatur, zur Schlägerei (bei Trinkgelagen), Cic.: pugna iam in manus, iam ad gladios venerat, Liv. – b) insbes., das Kampfspiel, pugna quinquennis Graia Elide, Ov. met. 14, 325. – B) meton.: a) die zum Treffen aufgestellte Schlachtlinie, das Treffen, ordinata per principes hastatosque ac triarios pugna, Liv.: pugnam mediam tueri, das Mitteltreffen, Liv.: pugnam mutare, Curt. – b) der Kampf = Krieg, non Siciliae illis adversa pugna in ore est, sed Graeciae victoria, Iustin. 5, 4, 17. – II) übtr.: a) der Kampf, Streit, doctissimorum hominum, Cic.: litterarum, der Gelehrten, Plin.: pugna adversus dolorem, Gell. 12, 5, 2: pugnas edere, Cic. – b) der ( listige) Streich (vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 583), iam aliquid pugnae dedit (hat gespielt), Plaut.: u. so dabit pugnam denuo, Ter.: priusquam istam pugnam pugnabo, dabo aliam pugnam claram et commemorabilem, Plaut. – c) v. Beischlaf, Mart. 10, 38, 6.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > pugna

  • 3 pugna

    ae f.
    1) бой, битва (pugnam committere C; p. Cannensis C или p. Cannarum L)
    4) война (Siciliae adversa p. Just)
    5) борьба, спор ( doctissimorum hominum C)
    aliquid pugnae ēdere Pl или pugnam aliquam dare Ter — выкинуть какую-л. штуку

    Латинско-русский словарь > pugna

  • 4 bei

    bei, I) im allg.: ad (zur Angabe der örtlichen Nähe als Richtung u. Tätigkeit gedacht; auch zur Bezeichnung der Gleichzeitigkeit). – apud. iuxta (zur Angabe der örtlichen Nähe im ruhigen Zustande, jenes = »in meiner Umgebung, Behausung« etc., dieses = »dicht neben-, an meiner Seite«). – circa (ringsum, in der weitern Umgebung; auch = bei... umher od. herum). – prope. propter (jenes = »nahe bei, nicht fern«, dieses »ganz nahe bei, hart an«, Ggstz. procul). – praeter (bei... hin, daneben vorbei). – penes (in jmds. Macht, Gewalt, Besitz). – cum (mit etwas, mit jmd. zusammen, in Begleitung). – inter (zur Angabe eines dauernden Zeitverhältnisses).

    II) Begriffsbestimmung der Präposition bei. Sie dient: A) zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses im Raume, u. zwar: 1) in bezug auf die örtliche und wirkliche Nähe einer Sache od. Person: ad. apud. iuxta. prope. propter (mit dem unter no. I angegebenen Untersch.), [380] z. B. bei der Stadt, apud urbem (vor, an der St.); ad urbem (an der St. bin); iuxta urbem (dicht neben der St.); circa urbem (in der Umgebung der St.); prope urbem (nahe bei der St., in keiner weiten Entfernung von derselben). – Bei Gegenständen, die eine größere Ausdehnung gestatten, z. B. bei Flüssen, Wäldern, Bergen etc., und übh. wenn man ausdrücken will, daß etwas in der Richtung von einem Orte, nicht in dessen unmittelbarer Nähe stattfindet oder stattgefunden hat, steht ad. – Der Begriff des Sich-Ereignens etc. bei einem Orte wird im Lateinischen selten ausgelassen; gew. wird ein passendes Partizip hinzugefügt, z. B. die Schlacht bei Kannä, am See Regillus, pugna ad Cannas commissa; pugna ad lacum Regillum facta; oder die Lateiner geben es durch den Genet. od. das Adjektiv des Ortes, z. B. die Schlacht bei Kannä, pugna Cannarum od. Cannensis: die Schlacht bei Leuktra, pugna Leuctrica; od. sie wählen eine Umschreibung, z. B. die Seeschlacht bei Salamis, navale proelium, quod apud Salamina factum est. – Wenn prope als Adverb. für »nahe« steht, so wird »bei« durch ab übersetzt, z. B. nahe bei Rom, prope a Roma: nahe beim Hause, prope a domo. – Bei den Verben des »Anfangens« nehmen die Lateiner Rücksicht auf den Anfangspunkt und setzen darum ab, z. B. bei etwas anfangen, ordiri,initium ducere ab alqa re. – Dagegen steht bei den Verben des »Aufhörens, Endigens«, um den Ruhepunkt zu bezeichnen, in m. Abl.

    2) in bezug auf ein Abhängigkeitsverhältnis der Sache, in Beziehung auf Eigenschaften, Zustände, Beschäftigungen: bei Gelegenheit, bei Strafe u. dgl., s. Gelegenheit etc. – bei weitem, s. weit.

    3) in bezug auf persönliche Annäherung und übh. auf einpersönliches Verhältnis: apud (wofür jedoch auch häufig, namentlich bei Cäsar ad steht). – Häufig auch durch den bloßen Genet od. Dat. – immer bei jmd. sein, ab alqo od. ab alcis latere non discedere: er war heute bei mir, hodie ad me erat: bei unsern Vorfahren, apud maiores nostros: bei Xenophon (in dessen Werken), apud Xenophontem: Segesta, das bei den Griechen Egesta ist, Segesta,quae Graecis Egesta est: die erste Stelle bei der Gesandtschaft, legationis princeps locus.

    Daher 4) bei Folgerungen aus Vergleichungen oder Verhältnissen, u. zwar: a) wenn sie gleichartig oder das eine als Folge des andern zu betrachten ist: secundum (zufolge, gemäß, zur Angabe der Übereinstimmung mit etwas). – ex (zugleich zur Bezeichnung einer Ursächlichkeit). – pro (zur Angabe des Verhältnisses u. Maßstabes, nach dem zu messen ist, entweder = »wie man erwarten, urteilen muß«, oder = »wenn man berücksichtigt, im Verhältnis zu«). – in mit Abl. (das Vorhandensein einer Eigenschaft einräumend, infolge deren etwas geschehen müsse). – bei deinem Ansehen kannst du nicht anders handeln, pro dignitate tua nonaliter agere poteris: bei deiner so großen Gelehrsamkeit wirst du dieses nicht übersehen, intanta tua doctrina hoc non praetermittes. – Doch setzen die Lateiner pro etc. nur dann, wenn von einem bestimmten Maße, Grade einer [381] Eigenschaft die Rede ist; bei unbestimmten Angaben gebrauchen sie die Wendung mit dem Pronom. relat. od. mit ut est, z. B. ich hoffe, daß du bei deiner Mäßigkeit und Vorsicht wieder wohl bist, spero, quae tua prudentia et temperantia est, te iam valere: bei deiner Einsicht wird dir nichts entgehen, quā es prudentiā te nihil effugiet: bei seinem Charakter weiß ich wahrlich nicht, ob er seinen Sinn ändern wird, haud scio hercle, ut homo est,an mutet animum. – b) wenn sie ungleichartig und einander entgegengesetzt sind, wo man »bei« mit »trotz, ungeachtet« vertauschen kann und im Deutschen gew. noch »aller, alle« dabeisteht: in mit Abl., z. B. bei großen Schulden haben sie noch größere Besitzungen, magnoin aere alieno maiores etiam possessioneshabent. – od. man tauscht den Begriff in einen Verbalsatz mit licet od. quamquam um, z. B. bei seinen großen Verdiensten um den Staat konnte er doch das Konsulatnicht erlangen. licet optime meritus esset de republica, consulatum tamen consequi nonpoterat: bei aller Lasterhaftigkeit wird er doch heute nicht machen, daß er zum zweiten Male abgestraft wird, quamquam est scelestus, non committet hodie umquam ut vapu let. – oder man verwandelt den Begriff in ein Partizip, z. B. andere starben auch bei der sorgsamsten Wartung, alii mortui sunt vel diligentissime curati. bei alledem, s. alledem.

    5) in Rückbeziehung auf sich selbst: bei sich (selbst) sein, mentis suae compotem esse: nicht bei sich sein, suae mentis non esse: auch minus compotem esse sui; alienatā essemente.

    6) zur Angabe des Teils, worauf sich eine Handlung, die auf das Ganze gerichtet ist, zunächst u. hauptsächlich bezieht, durch den bl. Abl., z. B. bei den Füßen ziehen, pedibus trahere: bei den Ohren nehmen, prehendereauriculis.

    7) zur Angabe dessen, was neben od. nach etwas anderem geschieht: ad, z. B. beim ersten Anblick des zurückkehrenden Sohnes starb sie vor allzu großer Freude, ad primum conspectumredeuntis filii gaudio nimio exanimata est.

    8) bei Schwüren etc., wo der Gegenstand, bei dem man schwört oder beteuert, als anwesend od. wirklich vorhanden gedacht wird, per, z. B. bei den unsterblichen Göttern, per deos immortales: bei meiner Treue, per meam fidem.

    B) bei Zeitbestimmungen: sub mit Akk. (annähernd, um die ungefähre Bestimmung der Zeit auszudrücken = »gegen«; denn mit Ablat. bezeichnet sub die Zeit, den Moment, in dem etwas geschieht). – ad (unmittelbar vor, beinahe). – in m. Abl. per. inter (um das Dauern, Währen zu bezeichnen, letztere beide hauptsächlich um anzugeben, daß etwas geschehe während eines andern Ereignisses). – Auch steht auf die Frage wann? und zu welcher Zeit? der bloße Abl. Dies ist bes. auch bei Substantiven der Fall, die, ungeachtet sie an sich keine Zeit bezeichnen, doch zu einer Zeitangabe dienen sollen, aber gew. so, daß sie dasjenige bezeichnen, nach dem etwas geschehen ist, seltener das, mit dem gleichzeitig etwas anderes eintritt. Am häufigsten findet man so adventu [382]( bei der Ankunft jmds.), discessu (beim Weggange, Abmarsche) alcis. – beim Essen, bei Tische, inter cenam; super mensam: bei Nacht etc., s. Nacht etc.: beizeiten, s. Zeit. – Auch kann hier »bei« mit dem Subst. zuweilen durch ein Partizipium gegeben werben, u. zwar durch das Partiz. Präs., wenn etwas gleichzeitig mit etwas anderem geschieht, durch das Partiz. Präter., wenn etwas nach etwas anderem sich ereignet, durch das Partiz. Fut. Akt., wenn etwas im Augenblicke sich ereignet, z. B. bei meiner Rückkehr begegnete mir der Vater, mihi redeunti obviam factus est pater: bei meiner Rückkehr hörte ich, reversus audivi: bei seinem Weggange sagte er, abiturus dixit: bei jmds. Lebzeiten, alqo vivo od. vivente.

    deutsch-lateinisches > bei

  • 5 Cannae

    Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:

    Cannarum pugna,

    Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:

    Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,

    a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —
    II.
    Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:

    pugna,

    Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:

    acies,

    Liv. 23, 18, 13:

    calamitas,

    Cic. Brut. 3, 12:

    clades,

    Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:

    ruina,

    id. 23, 25, 3:

    dies,

    Flor. 4, 12, 35:

    exercitus,

    which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:

    animae,

    of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:

    te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;

    and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cannae

  • 6 Cannenses

    Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:

    Cannarum pugna,

    Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:

    Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,

    a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —
    II.
    Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:

    pugna,

    Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:

    acies,

    Liv. 23, 18, 13:

    calamitas,

    Cic. Brut. 3, 12:

    clades,

    Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:

    ruina,

    id. 23, 25, 3:

    dies,

    Flor. 4, 12, 35:

    exercitus,

    which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:

    animae,

    of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:

    te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;

    and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cannenses

  • 7 Cannensis

    Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:

    Cannarum pugna,

    Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:

    Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,

    a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —
    II.
    Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:

    pugna,

    Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:

    acies,

    Liv. 23, 18, 13:

    calamitas,

    Cic. Brut. 3, 12:

    clades,

    Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:

    ruina,

    id. 23, 25, 3:

    dies,

    Flor. 4, 12, 35:

    exercitus,

    which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:

    animae,

    of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:

    te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;

    and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cannensis

  • 8 Cannae

    Cannae, ārum, f., Flecken Apuliens an der Ostseite des Aufidus (der dah. amnis Canna heißt in der Weissagung des Marcius b. Liv. 25, 12, 5), bekannt durch die furchtbare Niederlage, die die Römer hier (216 v. Chr.) durch Hannibal erlitten, j. Canne, Liv. 22, 44 sqq. Flor. 2, 6, 15. Cic. Tusc. 1, 89: Cannarum pugna, Liv. 23, 43, 4. – appell., Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse, ein zweites Kannä, ebenso verderblich wie den Römern Kannä, Liv. 23, 45, 4 (angef. b. Flor. 2, 6, 21). – Dav. Cannēnsis, e, kannensisch, bei Kannä, pugna, Cic., Nep. u. Liv.: calamitas, Cic.: clades, Liv.: victoria, Liv.: exercitus, das bei K. geschlagene, Liv.: animae, die Seelen der bei K. Gefallenen, Sil.: sprichw., Cannensis pugna, angerichtetes Blutbad, Metzelei, Mord und Totschlag, v. den sullan. Proskriptionen, Cic. Rosc. Am. 89 (vgl. Arnob. 5, 38): von einem Gastmahl, non praetoris convivium, sed Cannensis pugnae nequitia, Cic. Verr. 5, 28. – Plur. subst., Cannēnsēs, ium, m., die Einw. von Kannä, die Kannenser, Plin. 3, 105.

    lateinisch-deutsches > Cannae

  • 9 Cannae

    Cannae, ārum, f., Flecken Apuliens an der Ostseite des Aufidus (der dah. amnis Canna heißt in der Weissagung des Marcius b. Liv. 25, 12, 5), bekannt durch die furchtbare Niederlage, die die Römer hier (216 v. Chr.) durch Hannibal erlitten, j. Canne, Liv. 22, 44 sqq. Flor. 2, 6, 15. Cic. Tusc. 1, 89: Cannarum pugna, Liv. 23, 43, 4. – appell., Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse, ein zweites Kannä, ebenso verderblich wie den Römern Kannä, Liv. 23, 45, 4 (angef. b. Flor. 2, 6, 21). – Dav. Cannēnsis, e, kannensisch, bei Kannä, pugna, Cic., Nep. u. Liv.: calamitas, Cic.: clades, Liv.: victoria, Liv.: exercitus, das bei K. geschlagene, Liv.: animae, die Seelen der bei K. Gefallenen, Sil.: sprichw., Cannensis pugna, angerichtetes Blutbad, Metzelei, Mord und Totschlag, v. den sullan. Proskriptionen, Cic. Rosc. Am. 89 (vgl. Arnob. 5, 38): von einem Gastmahl, non praetoris convivium, sed Cannensis pugnae nequitia, Cic. Verr. 5, 28. – Plur. subst., Cannēnsēs, ium, m., die Einw. von Kannä, die Kannenser, Plin. 3, 105.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > Cannae

  • 10 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

См. также в других словарях:

  • ANNIBAL — I. ANNIBAL Carthaginensium Dux, Amilcaris fil. quem adhuc impuberem iureiurandô ante aras pater astrinxisle fertur, ut quam primum per aetatem liceret, arma contra Romanos sumeret. Sil. Ital. l. 1. v. 104. Olli permulcens genitor caput, oscula… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»